hik2webcam/snapshot.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Download current images from a Hikvision NVR or publish a placeholder."""

from __future__ import annotations

import json
import logging
import os
import shutil
import ssl
import sys
import tempfile
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime, time
from pathlib import Path
from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError
from urllib.parse import urlencode, urljoin
from urllib.request import (
    HTTPBasicAuthHandler,
    HTTPDigestAuthHandler,
    HTTPSHandler,
    HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm,
    Request,
    build_opener,
)
from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo, ZoneInfoNotFoundError


LOG = logging.getLogger("nvr-snapshot")


class ConfigError(ValueError):
    pass


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class Snapshot:
    channel: int
    output: Path
    stream_id: str = "01"


def load_dotenv(path: Path) -> None:
    """Load a small, conventional subset of .env syntax without dependencies."""
    if not path.exists():
        return
    for number, raw_line in enumerate(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines(), 1):
        line = raw_line.strip()
        if not line or line.startswith("#"):
            continue
        if line.startswith("export "):
            line = line[7:].lstrip()
        if "=" not in line:
            raise ConfigError(f"{path}:{number}: očekávám KEY=VALUE")
        key, value = line.split("=", 1)
        key, value = key.strip(), value.strip()
        if not key:
            raise ConfigError(f"{path}:{number}: prázdný název proměnné")
        if len(value) >= 2 and value[0] == value[-1] and value[0] in "'\"":
            value = value[1:-1]
        os.environ.setdefault(key, value)


def env(name: str, default: str | None = None, *, required: bool = False) -> str:
    value = os.environ.get(name, default)
    if required and not value:
        raise ConfigError(f"Chybí povinná proměnná {name}")
    assert value is not None
    return value


def env_bool(name: str, default: bool) -> bool:
    raw = env(name, "true" if default else "false").lower()
    if raw in {"1", "true", "yes", "on"}:
        return True
    if raw in {"0", "false", "no", "off"}:
        return False
    raise ConfigError(f"{name} musí být true/false")


def parse_clock(value: str, name: str) -> time:
    try:
        return time.fromisoformat(value)
    except ValueError as exc:
        raise ConfigError(f"{name} musí být ve formátu HH:MM nebo HH:MM:SS") from exc


def is_active(now: datetime, start: time, end: time) -> bool:
    current = now.timetz().replace(tzinfo=None)
    if start == end:
        return True
    if start < end:
        return start <= current < end
    return current >= start or current < end


def snapshots_from_env(base_dir: Path) -> list[Snapshot]:
    raw = os.environ.get("SNAPSHOTS")
    if raw:
        try:
            items = json.loads(raw)
        except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
            raise ConfigError(f"SNAPSHOTS není platné JSON: {exc}") from exc
        if not isinstance(items, list) or not items:
            raise ConfigError("SNAPSHOTS musí být neprázdné JSON pole")
    else:
        items = [{
            "channel": int(env("NVR_CHANNEL", "1")),
            "stream_id": env("NVR_STREAM_ID", "01"),
            "output": env("OUTPUT_PATH", required=True),
        }]

    result = []
    for index, item in enumerate(items):
        if not isinstance(item, dict):
            raise ConfigError(f"SNAPSHOTS[{index}] musí být objekt")
        try:
            channel = int(item["channel"])
            output = Path(str(item["output"]))
            stream_id = str(item.get("stream_id", "01"))
        except (KeyError, TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
            raise ConfigError(
                f"SNAPSHOTS[{index}] vyžaduje channel (číslo) a output"
            ) from exc
        if channel < 1 or not stream_id.isdigit():
            raise ConfigError(f"Neplatný kanál/stream v SNAPSHOTS[{index}]")
        if not output.is_absolute():
            output = base_dir / output
        result.append(Snapshot(channel, output.resolve(), stream_id))
    return result


def atomic_copy(source: Path, destination: Path) -> None:
    if not source.is_file():
        raise ConfigError(f"Dummy soubor neexistuje: {source}")
    destination.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    fd, temp_name = tempfile.mkstemp(
        prefix=f".{destination.name}.", suffix=".tmp", dir=destination.parent
    )
    os.close(fd)
    temp = Path(temp_name)
    try:
        shutil.copyfile(source, temp)
        os.replace(temp, destination)
    finally:
        temp.unlink(missing_ok=True)


def atomic_write(data: bytes, destination: Path) -> None:
    destination.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    fd, temp_name = tempfile.mkstemp(
        prefix=f".{destination.name}.", suffix=".tmp", dir=destination.parent
    )
    temp = Path(temp_name)
    try:
        with os.fdopen(fd, "wb") as handle:
            handle.write(data)
            handle.flush()
            os.fsync(handle.fileno())
        os.replace(temp, destination)
    finally:
        temp.unlink(missing_ok=True)


def make_opener(base_url: str, username: str, password: str, verify_tls: bool):
    manager = HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
    manager.add_password(None, base_url, username, password)
    context = ssl.create_default_context()
    if not verify_tls:
        context.check_hostname = False
        context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
    return build_opener(
        HTTPDigestAuthHandler(manager),
        HTTPBasicAuthHandler(manager),
        HTTPSHandler(context=context),
    )


def validate_image(data: bytes, content_type: str) -> None:
    signatures = (
        data.startswith(b"\xff\xd8\xff"),
        data.startswith(b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n"),
        data.startswith((b"GIF87a", b"GIF89a")),
        data.startswith(b"BM"),
    )
    if not data or not any(signatures):
        detail = data[:160].decode("utf-8", errors="replace").replace("\n", " ")
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"NVR nevrátil podporovaný obrázek (Content-Type {content_type!r}): {detail}"
        )


def run() -> int:
    script_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
    dotenv_path = Path(os.environ.get("ENV_FILE", script_dir / ".env"))
    load_dotenv(dotenv_path)

    log_level = env("LOG_LEVEL", "INFO").upper()
    logging.basicConfig(
        level=getattr(logging, log_level, logging.INFO),
        format="%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s",
    )

    protocol = env("NVR_PROTOCOL", "https").lower()
    if protocol not in {"http", "https"}:
        raise ConfigError("NVR_PROTOCOL musí být http nebo https")
    host = env("NVR_HOST", required=True)
    port = int(env("NVR_PORT", "443" if protocol == "https" else "80"))
    base_url = f"{protocol}://{host}:{port}/"
    username = env("NVR_USERNAME", required=True)
    password = env("NVR_PASSWORD", required=True)
    timeout = float(env("NVR_TIMEOUT", "15"))
    verify_tls = env_bool("NVR_VERIFY_TLS", True)
    path_template = env(
        "NVR_SNAPSHOT_PATH", "ISAPI/Streaming/channels/{channel}{stream_id}/picture"
    )
    snapshot_width = int(env("NVR_SNAPSHOT_WIDTH", "1920"))
    snapshot_height = int(env("NVR_SNAPSHOT_HEIGHT", "1080"))
    if snapshot_width < 1 or snapshot_height < 1:
        raise ConfigError("NVR_SNAPSHOT_WIDTH a NVR_SNAPSHOT_HEIGHT musí být kladné")

    try:
        timezone = ZoneInfo(env("TIMEZONE", "Europe/Prague"))
    except ZoneInfoNotFoundError as exc:
        raise ConfigError("Neznámá TIMEZONE; použijte např. Europe/Prague") from exc
    start = parse_clock(env("ACTIVE_FROM", "00:00"), "ACTIVE_FROM")
    end = parse_clock(env("ACTIVE_TO", "00:00"), "ACTIVE_TO")
    snapshots = snapshots_from_env(script_dir)
    now = datetime.now(timezone)

    dummy = Path(env("DUMMY_PATH", str(script_dir / "dummy.jpg")))
    if not dummy.is_absolute():
        dummy = script_dir / dummy

    if not is_active(now, start, end):
        for snapshot in snapshots:
            atomic_copy(dummy, snapshot.output)
            LOG.info("Mimo časové okno: dummy -> %s", snapshot.output)
        return 0

    opener = make_opener(base_url, username, password, verify_tls)
    failures = 0
    for snapshot in snapshots:
        relative_path = path_template.format(
            channel=snapshot.channel, stream_id=snapshot.stream_id
        ).lstrip("/")
        url = urljoin(base_url, relative_path)
        query = urlencode({
            "videoResolutionWidth": snapshot_width,
            "videoResolutionHeight": snapshot_height,
            "snapShotImageType": "JPEG",
        })
        url = f"{url}{'&' if '?' in url else '?'}{query}"
        request = Request(url, headers={"Accept": "image/jpeg,image/*;q=0.9"})
        try:
            with opener.open(request, timeout=timeout) as response:
                data = response.read()
                content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
            validate_image(data, content_type)
            atomic_write(data, snapshot.output)
            LOG.info("Staženo %s (%d B) -> %s", url, len(data), snapshot.output)
        except (HTTPError, URLError, OSError, RuntimeError) as exc:
            failures += 1
            LOG.error("Stažení %s selhalo: %s", url, exc)
    return 1 if failures else 0


def main() -> None:
    try:
        raise SystemExit(run())
    except (ConfigError, ValueError) as exc:
        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR, format="%(levelname)s %(message)s")
        LOG.error("Chyba konfigurace: %s", exc)
        raise SystemExit(2)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()